Creation of Histograms for Data in Various Mineral Resource and Engineering Problems: A Review of Existing Methods and a Proposed New Method to Define Bin Number     

Louis St-Pierre  Yuksel Asli Sari  Mustafa Kumral 《Natural Resources Research》2017,26(2):201-212

Histograms are widely used in geosciences for data analysis and visualization. In cases where a distribution is not fitted to data, histograms are often used to address various sampling- and interpolation-related aspects. However, the results of these applications are substantially affected by the histogram’s number of bins as determined by several binning methods. This paper proposes a new binning approach and compares it with various standard approaches to demonstrate the relative performance of the new approach. Cut-off grade optimization for polymetallic deposits, Monte-Carlo modeling, and derivation of conditional distribution, all of which use histograms, are used as case studies. The proposed technique is based on calculating the squared error for each bin in a histogram, and combining the error values to evaluate the total error for each histogram. The new technique then selects the bin number which minimizes the total error. The results showed that the new binning approach is well suited for binning small datasets and can be used in geoscience applications if needed.  相似文献   

XXème Assemblée Générale de l’AIG Rapport du Secretaire Général     

Michel Louis 《Journal of Geodesy》1992,66(2):108-111

Sans résumé  相似文献   

History of the International Association of Geodesy     

M. Louis 《Journal of Geodesy》1992,66(2):79-81

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Mdantsane,East London's homeland township: Municipal neglect and apartheid planning 1949–1988     

Nel Etienne Louis 《GeoJournal》1990,22(3):305-313

South African urban areas, because of structural control exercised within them, have developed unique characteristics. One of the more distinctive features of urban apartheid is the creation of Homeland townships lying adjacent to certain of the country's towns and cities. This paper seeks to explore the essential motivation underlying the creation of the ethnically distinct urban centre of Mdantsane in the Ciskei Homeland between 1949 and 1988. The reason for the development of Mdantsane, a dormitory township of East London, are explored, as are the primary issues underlying its emergence. In order to fully investigate Mdantsane's evolution it is essential not to divorce the township from developments, through time, in East London. The impact of apartheid planning on the East London region is assessed.  相似文献   

Transgranular Crack Nucleation in Carrara Marble of Brittle Failure     

Yi Cheng  Louis Ngai Yuen Wong  Varun Maruvanchery 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(8):3069-3082

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Size and Geometry Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Carrara Marble Under Dynamic Loadings     

Chunjiang Zou  Louis Ngai Yuen Wong 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(5):1695-1708

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Green and sustainable remediation practices in Federal Agency cleanup programs     

Louis E. Martino  Carol L. Dona  Jerry Dicerbo  Amy Hawkins  Beth Moore  Robert Horner 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(21):1407

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The Mekong: A Socio‐Legal Approach to River Basin Development Ben Boer,Philip Hirsch,Fleur Johns,Ben Saul and Natalia Scurrah. Earthscan‐Routledge,New York, 2016, pp. xiii + 252 (ISBN 978‐1‐138‐78844‐2) (hbk) (ISBN 978‐1‐138‐78845‐9) (pbk).          下载免费PDF全文

Louis Lebel 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):435-437

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CONCEPTS OF “GHETTO”; A GEOGRAPHY OF MINORITY GROUPS*     

Louis Seig 《The Professional geographer》1971,23(1):1-4

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An examination of the radiative and dissipative properties of deep ocean internal tides     

Louis C. St. Laurent  Jonathan D. Nash 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2004,51(25-26):3029

In this study, the energy flux and energy dissipation of deep ocean internal tides are examined. Properties of the internal tide from two distinct generation regions are contrasted: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and the Hawaiian Ridge. Considerable differences are noted for the baroclinic energy flux, u^′p^′, radiated from each site. Radiation from the MAR is relatively rich in high modes, with an energy flux spectral peak at mode 5 and modes 10 and greater accounting for 40% of the total flux. In contrast, Hawaiian Ridge radiation is dominantly composed of modes 1 and 2, with modes 10 and greater accounting for less than 5% of the total flux. Depth integrated energy flux levels are at the MAR site, and at the Hawaiian Ridge. Despite these differences, observed turbulent dissipation rates at these sites are similar in magnitude and depth dependence. Decay scales, estimated as , range from O(100)km to . The mean decay scale based on the MAR data is 230 km, a factor of 3 smaller than at the Hawaiian Ridge site. We demonstrate that the dissipation level scales with the energy flux available in the high modes, which is comparable at both sites, rather than the total energy flux.  相似文献